A variety of well-preserved trace fossils is present in many chalk hardgrounds. In these beds it is important to distinguish burrows, which were constructed before the cementation of the sediment, from borings, which post-date hardening. Examples of both are described from the Turonian Chalk Rock of England, the Lower Danian hardground at Stevns Klint, Denmark, and the Campanian summit-hardground near Vise, Belgium.