Taddei Ruggiero & Raia, 2010

Author(s):Taddei Ruggiero, E., Raia, P.
Year:2010
Title:Bioerosion structures and their distribution on shells of the Lower Pleistocene terebratulid brachiopod Gryphus minor
Journal:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
Volume:293
Number:1-2
Pages:157-166
Abstract

The assemblage includes 5 different brachiopod species, but it is dominated by Gryphus minor. We analyzed all of the 4069 Gryphus individuals in search of shell damage due to biological activity (bioerosion). About 12% of the specimens were affected to some extent. Bioerosion traces were identified down to the ichnospecies level and ascribed to potential biological agents (predators, epibionts or endobionts).

Evidence for predation (Praedichnia) is limited, whereas etchings for attachments (Fixichnia) are more common. In particular, 453 traces belong to Podichnus obliquus, an ichnotaxon that describes a distinctive etching scar due to the pedicle attachment of other brachiopods on the shell. In the case of Gryphus minorPodichnus were caused by conspecifics. Podichnus distribution on the shells, and its shape, suggest that Gryphus minor had a somewhat short pedicle, and lived with the umbo close to the substrate.

Keywords:Bioerosion, Brachiopoda, Italy, Paleontology, Pleistocene , Predation, Trace fossils
DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.05.010
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