Cadée & Wolf, 2013
| Author(s): | Cadée, G. C.. de Wolf, P. |
|---|---|
| Year: | 2013 |
| Title: | Belichnus traces produced on shells of the bivalve Lutraria lutraria by gulls |
| Journal: | Ichnos |
| Volume: | 20 |
| Number: | 1 |
| Abstract | In February 2011, after a storm, thousands of adult, articulated, and still-living common otter shells Lutraria lutraria (L. 1758) were stranded on the North Sea beach of the Island Texel (NL). These 9 to12 cm long bivalves were rapidly found and consumed by both herring- and lesser black-backed gulls. Holes, irregular in outline, were observed in some 10% of the articulated shells of these bivalves. These holes were always smaller on the outside of the valves than on the inside and varied in size from 1 to 20 mm (outside) to 4 to 22 mm (inside). Often the other valve was crushed indicating consumption by gulls. We concluded that these holes were made by the gulls probing the shells; in a few cases, we observed that valves were broken starting from such a hole. Such traces are described in the literature as the ichnogenus Belichnus and were until now attributed to Stomatopoda only. We also suggest that a separate ichnospecies name for two Belichnus holes in one shell should not be used, as we see them simply as a double injury due to two blows. Our findings stress once more the importance of avoiding premature phylogenetic interpretation of traces and the use of a separate ichnotaxonomy. |
| Keywords: | Aves, Bioerosion, Bivalvia, Neoichnology, Paleontology, Predation, Trace fossils |
| DOI: | https://doi.org/10.1080/10420940.2012.756813 |
| SARV-WB: | edit record |